Shark Attacks!鲨鱼袭击！ How Common are They?如何共同是什么？ Where do They Occur?在哪里发生的？

Article source: http://travel-hints.info/ . 文章来源： http://travel-hints.info/ 。 Used with author's permission. 用作者的许可。

Last week in Australia, one man's day at beach could have turned into a disaster: He was attacked by a seven-foot bronze whaler shark while surfing about 100 yards out from Sydney's Bronte Beach.上周在澳大利亚，一个人每天在海滩可以变成一场灾难：他遭到了7英尺的鲨鱼铜牌捕鲸船在冲浪时大约100码从悉尼的勃朗特泳滩。

Fortunately, the man, Simon Letch, stayed calm and "shoved the board at [the shark] like a barge pole."幸运的是，该名男子，西蒙Letch ，保持冷静和“推董事会在[鲨鱼]像篙。 ” After taking two bites of the fiberglass board, the shark swam away and Letch surfed back to shore.后两个叮咬的玻纤板，鲨鱼游开Letch冲浪返回岸边。

"It was only about 10 or 15 seconds that I was waiting for a wave but it seemed like an eternity," Letch said. “这是只有大约10或15秒，我正在等待波，但似乎这是一个漫长， ” Letch说。

You'd think that this Jaws-style attack would have kept Letch on land, at least for the rest of the day, but the lifeguard said he came back 30 minutes later, replacement board in hand, ready to surf.你可以认为这大白鲨式的攻击会一直Letch的土地上，至少在剩下的时间，但救生员说，他回来30分钟后，更换电路板在手，随时上网冲浪。

Afraid to Get Back in the Water?怕回来的水？

Just how likely are you to come across your own "Jaws" while wading in the surf or snorkeling with some Angel Fish?究竟可能是你碰到自己的“大白鲨” ，而涉水在网上冲浪或潜水与一些天使鱼？

According to the International Shark Attack File (ISAF), 1,909 confirmed shark attacks have occurred around the world-between 1580 and 2003!根据国际鲨鱼攻击档案（国际安全援助部队） ， 1909年确认鲨鱼袭击发生在世界各地之间的第1580和2003年！ Of these, 737 happened in the United States, and 38 people died as a result.其中， 737发生在美国， 38人因此死亡。 Hardly alarming numbers, but the actual number of shark attacks isn't really known because many areas keep them under wraps so tourism isn't affected.很难令人震惊的数字，但实际人数鲨鱼袭击并不真正了解，因为许多领域加以包装，使旅游业是不会受到影响。

Unprovoked shark attacks, the kind where a shark in its natural habitat attacks a (live) human without any apparent reason, do seem to be on the rise, though, say the researchers behind ISAF.无端鲨鱼袭击，这种鲨鱼在其自然栖息地攻击（生活）人类在没有任何明显的理由，这样做似乎是在增加，但研究人员说，国际安全援助部队的后面。

In 2004, there were 61 unprovoked shark attacks recorded worldwide (seven were fatal), up from 57 in 2003. 2004年，有61无端鲨鱼袭击全球记录（ 7人死亡） ，由57个在2003年。 Overall, this number has been growing for the past 100 years, and more people were attacked in the 1990s than in any other decade (and so far it seems that the current decade will break last decade's record).总体而言，这个数目一直在增长，在过去100年里，更多的人遭到攻击在1990年代比在任何其他10年（迄今看来，目前的十年将打破过去10年的纪录） 。

***** Your odds of being attacked by a shark? *****您的机率受到攻击的鲨鱼？ 1 in 11.5 million, says the International Shark Attack File. 1 1150万说，国际鲨鱼攻击档案。 Being killed by a shark?被杀死的鲨鱼？ 0 in 264.1 million. 0二万六千四百一十零点○万。 Your risk of drowning, for comparison?您的风险，溺水，作比较？ 1 in 2 million. 1 200万美元。 *****

Keep in mind, though, that if you're involved in a shark attack that's deemed "provoked," that attack will not be included in the tally.请记住，不过，如果你参与了鲨鱼攻击这被视为“挑衅” ，这一攻击将不会被列入统计。 What constitutes a provoked shark attack or an attack that's not "unprovoked"?什么是挑起鲨鱼攻击或攻击，不是“无故” ？ Those that involve:这些包括：

* Sharks and divers in public aquaria or research holding pens *鲨鱼和潜水员在公共水族馆或研究举行钢笔

* "Scavenge damage" to already dead humans (typically drowning victims) * “清除损害”已经死了人（通常是溺水受害者）

* Attacks on boats *攻击艇

* Attacks in which a human initiates contact with a shark (such as a diver grabbing a shark) *攻击，其中一个人开始接触鲨鱼（如跳水比赛中鲨鱼）

Why are shark attacks on the rise?为什么鲨鱼袭击呈上升趋势？ It's less complicated than you may think … Say the researchers at ISAF, it's because humans are spending more time in the water.它的那么复杂比你可能认为...研究人员说，在国际安全援助部队，这是因为人类是花更多的时间在水中。

Where Are Shark Attacks Most Common?凡有鲨鱼袭击最常见的？

Though images of Great Whites gliding through Australia's Great Barrier Reef may come to mind, most shark attacks happen in North American waters.虽然大的图像通过白人滑翔澳大利亚大堡礁可能会想到，大多数鲨鱼袭击发生在北美水域。 Within the United States, shark attacks happen most often in Florida and then in:在美国，鲨鱼袭击最经常发生在佛罗里达州，然后在：

* California *美国加州

* Texas *德州

* Hawaii *夏威夷

* North Carolina *北卡罗莱纳州

* Alabama, Oregon and South Carolina (tied) *阿拉巴马州，俄勒冈州和南卡罗来纳州（并列）

Worldwide, after North American waters, the most shark attacks occur in:在世界范围内，在北美的水域，最鲨鱼袭击发生在：

* Australia *澳大利亚

* Brazil *巴西

* South Africa *南非

* Reunion Island (in the Indian Ocean) *留尼汪岛（印度洋）

* The Bahamas, Cuba, Egypt, Fiji, New Zealand and Venezuela (tied) *巴哈马，古巴，埃及，斐济，新西兰和委内瑞拉（并列）

***** In the United States, you're more likely to be killed by a deer (through auto accidents), dog, snake or mountain lion than you are by a shark. *****在美国，你更有可能被杀害的鹿（通过汽车事故） ，狗，蛇或狮子山区比你的鲨鱼。 *****

How to Prevent Shark Attacks如何防止鲨鱼袭击

First and foremost, if you want to be sure a shark won't attack you … don't go in the ocean.首先，如果你要确保鲨鱼不会攻击你...不要在海洋中。 Next on the list is, don't go in the water if you see a shark, and then don't go in if you're bleeding-sharks can detect even minute amounts of blood from very far away (this applies even to menstruating women).下一步名单上的，不要在水中如果你看到一条鲨鱼，然后不去，如果你出血，鲨鱼可以侦测分钟甚至大量的血从很远（这甚至适用于月经妇女） 。 The Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department offers these other shark safety tips:佛罗里达州自然历史博物馆的鱼类学部提供这些其他鲨鱼安全提示：

* Swim in groups-sharks are most likely to attack a person who's alone. *游泳团体，鲨鱼是最有可能攻击的人谁是单独。

* Don't swim too far from shore (you're farther away from help and more isolated). *不要游太远海岸（您远离帮助和更加孤立） 。

* Don't go in the water at night or during twilight hours when sharks are most active. *不要在水在夜间或黄昏时在当鲨鱼最活跃的。

* Leave shiny jewelry at home-a shark could mistake it for shiny fish scales. *假珠宝光泽在家里，鲨鱼可能为错误鱼鳞光泽。

* Don't swim in areas used by commercial or sport fisherman where bait is used often (if there are diving seabirds around, it's likely this is the case). *不要在游泳领域中所使用的商业或体育渔民在诱饵往往是用来（如果有潜水的海鸟左右，很可能是这种情况） 。

* Don't swim if you have an uneven tan-sharks don't like tan lines! *不要下水游泳，如果你有一个不均衡的谭鲨鱼不喜欢潭线！ (seriously, the contrast could attract them). （严重的是，相反可能会吸引他们） 。

* The same goes for bright colored clothing-sharks may be attracted to it. *也一样明亮的彩色服装，鲨鱼可能会吸引到它。

* Don't splash excessively or swim with pets (who may thrash around and attract a shark). *不要溅或游泳过分与宠物（谁可能鞭打周围，并吸引鲨鱼） 。

* Be careful around steep drop-offs or when between sandbars (these are two areas sharks love). *应小心周围急剧下降取舍之间或沙洲时（这是两个领域的鲨鱼爱） 。

What to do if a Shark Attacks做什么，如果鲨鱼袭击

In the unlikely event that a shark does attack … swim … and fast.万一鲨鱼不会攻击游泳... ...快。 Seriously, if you see a shark the best thing to do is stay calm and swim quickly, but smoothly, back to the shore or surface.严重的是，如果你看到一条鲨鱼的最好的事情是保持冷静，游泳很快，但进展顺利，回到岸上或表面。

If the shark actually attacks, you should first try to hit it on the tip of its nose (use whatever you have with you-a spear or camera if you're diving, a surfboard as Letch did, or your own fist).如果鲨鱼实际攻击中，你首先应该设法击中它尖的鼻子（使用任何你有你的，矛或相机如果你跳水，冲浪板作为Letch没有，或者你自己的拳头） 。 The shark should go away long enough for you to calmly, but quickly, swim away (Discomforting side note: If you can't get away, and the shark comes back, hitting it on the nose will become less and less effective).鲨鱼应该走足够长的时间为您冷静，但很快，游泳以外（令人不安的方面注意：如果你不能外出，鲨鱼回来，击中它的鼻子会越来越少有效） 。

If the shark bites and you're stuck in its mouth, be as aggressive as you can.如果鲨鱼咬和你停留在嘴里，将咄咄逼人的可以。 Go for the sensitive areas of the eyes and gill openings and hit the shark, hard.围棋的敏感领域的眼睛和鳃开口击中鲨鱼，硬。 Don't "play dead," as this won't help.不要“玩死了， ”因为这将是无济于事的。 As soon as the shark releases, get out of the water as quickly as you can (don't hang around because once there's blood in the water, the shark will likely come back to attack again).当鲨鱼新闻稿，走出水尽快你可以（不都挺了过来，因为一旦有血液中的水，鲨鱼可能会回来再次发动进攻） 。

Chances are very, very small of being attacked by a shark, though, so don't let Hollywood's version of a man-eating Jaws (or the disturbing images of the film "Open Water") keep you from enjoying the surf.机遇是非常小的被攻击的鲨鱼，但不要让好莱坞的版本，一个人吃大白鲨（或令人不安的图片电影“开放水域” ）让你享受网上冲浪。

If it makes you feel any better, there are plenty of other things to worry about while you're at the beach that are more likely to happen than a shark attack … things like dehydration, jellyfish and stingray stings, cutting your foot on a seashell, sunburn, and sand getting wedged in private places, just to name a few.如果它会让你感觉更好，还有许多其他的事情担心当你在沙滩上更可能发生比鲨鱼攻击...像脱水，海蜇和魟刺，切割你的脚就海贝，晒伤，和沙子越来越揳在私人地方，只是仅举几例。

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Sources来源

Seattle Post-Intelligencer April 19, 2005西雅图邮讯2005年4月19号

International Shark Attack File国际鲨鱼攻击档案

Sharks!鲨鱼！

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